Ghi chú Julianus (hoàng đế)

Trích dẫn
  1. ↑ trong tiếng Latinh cổ đại, tên đầy đủ của Hoàng đế Julianus được viết là FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS.
  2. ↑ Tougher, 12, citing Bouffartigue: L'Empereur Julien et la culture de son temps p. 30 for the argument for 331; A.H. Jones, J.R. Martindale, and J. Morris "Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I" p.447 (Iulianus 29) argues for May or June 332.
  3. ↑ Grant, Michael (1980). Greek and Latin authors, 800 B.C.-A.D. 1000, Part 1000. H. W. Wilson Co. tr. 240. ISBN 0824206401. JULIAN THE APOSTATE (Flavins Claudius Julianus), Roman emperor and Greek writer, was born at Constantinople in ad 332 and died in 363. 
  4. ↑ Robert Browning, Emperor Julian
  5. 1 2 Shaun Tougher, Julian the Apostate, các trang 4-5.
  6. ↑ Glen Warren Bowersock, Julian the Apostate, Bìa sau
  7. ↑ Robert Browning, The Emperor Julian, trang 243
  8. ↑ Glanville Downey, "Julian the Apostate at Antioch", Church History, Vol. 8, No. 4 (December, 1939), pp. 303–315. See p.305.
  9. ↑ Athanassiadi, p.88.
  10. ↑ "Decline and Fall" chapter 23
  11. ↑ Shaun Tougher, Julian the Apostate, trang VIII
  12. ↑ A.H. Jones, J.R. Martindale, and J. Morris "Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I" p.447.
  13. ↑ Norwich, John Julius (1989). Byzantium: the early centuries. Knopf. tr. 83. ISBN 0394537785. Julius Constantius…Constantine had invited him, with his second wife and his young family, to take up residence in his new capital; and it was in Constantinople that his third son Julian was born, in May or June of the year 332. The baby's mother, Basilina, a Greek from Asia Minor, died a few weeks later… 
  14. ↑ Robert Browning, Emperor Julian, các trang 31-32.
  15. ↑ Bradbury, Jim (2004). The Routledge companion to medieval warfare. Routledge. tr. 54. ISBN 0415221269. JULIAN THE APOSTATE, FLAVIUS CLAUDIUS JULIANUS, ROMAN EMPEROR (332-63) Emperor from 361, son of Julius Constantius and a Greek mother Basilina, grandson of Constantius Chlorus, the only pagan Byzantine Emperor. 
  16. ↑ Jones, Martindale, and Morris (1971) Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire volume 1, p.148, 478–479. Cambridge.
  17. 1 2 3 Robert Browning, The Emperor Julian, các trang 32-37.
  18. ↑ Glen Warren Bowersock, Julian the Apostate, trang 22
  19. ↑ Robert Browning, The Emperor Julian, trang 35
  20. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History, v.13, pp.44–45.
  21. ↑ Boardman, p. 44, citing Julian to the Alexandrians, Wright's letter 47, of November or December 362. Ezekiel Spanheim 434D. Twelve would be literal, but Julian is counting inclusively.
  22. ↑ Letter 47, Wright, v.3, p.149.
  23. ↑ R. Browning, The Emperor Julian (London, 1975), pp. 74–5. However, Shaun Tougher, "The Advocacy of an Empress: Julian and Eusebia" (The Classical Quarterly, New Series, Vol. 48, No. 2 (1998), pp. 595–599), argues that the kind Eusebia of Julian's panegyric is a literary creation and that she was doing the bidding of her husband in bringing Julian around to doing what Constantius had asked of him. See especially p.597.
  24. ↑ Most sources give the town as Sens, which is well into the interior of Gaul. See John F. Drinkwater, The Alamanni and Rome 213–496, OUP Oxford 2007, p.220.
  25. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History, v.13, p.49.
  26. ↑ David S. Potter, The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180–395, p.501.
  27. ↑ David S. Potter, p.501.
  28. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History, v.13, pp.50–51.
  29. ↑ Ammianus says that there were 35,000 Alamanni, Res Gestae, 16.12.26, though this figure is now thought to be an overestimate – see David S. Potter, p.501.
  30. ↑ D. Woods, "On the 'Standard-Bearers' at Strasbourg: Libanius, or. 18.58–66", Mnemosyne, Fourth Series, Vol. 50, Fasc. 4 (August, 1997), p. 479.
  31. ↑ David S. Potter, pp.501–502.
  32. 1 2 Cambridge Ancient History, v.13, p.51.
  33. ↑ John F. Drinkwater, The Alamanni and Rome 213–496, pp.240–241.
  34. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus Res Gestae, 20.10.1–2
  35. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History, v.13, pp. 56–57.
  36. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History v.13, p.58.
  37. ↑ J. Norwich, Byzantium: The Early Centuries, 89
  38. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History v.13, p.60.
  39. ↑ Cambridge Ancient History, v.13, p.60.
  40. ↑ Athanassiadi, p.89.
  41. ↑ Webb, Matilda. The churches and catacombs of early Christian Rome: a comprehensive guide, p. 249-252, 2001, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 1-902210-58-1, ISBN 978-1-902210-58-2, google books
  42. ↑ Dodgeon & Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, p.204.
  43. 1 2 Cambridge Ancient History, p.75.
  44. ↑ Adrian Goldsworth, How Rome fell. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-300-13719-4, page 232
  45. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, 24.7.1.

 

Tài liệu tham khảo

Tác phẩm của Julianus

Ioulianou autokratoros ta sozomena, 1696

Các bản dịch tiếng Anh có sẵn trên các trang web:

The Greek text and English translations of Julian's writings are available in

Viết về Julianus

Các tư liệu thứ cấp

  • Roberts, Walter E., and Michael DiMaio, "Julian the Apostate (360–363 A.D.)", De Imperatoribus Romanis (2002)
  • Athanassiadi, Polymnia. Julian. An Intellectual Biography Routledge, London, 1992. ISBN 0-415-07763-X
  • Bowersock, Glen Warren. Julian the Apostate. London, 1978. ISBN 0-674-48881-4
  • Browning, Robert. The Emperor Julian, London, 1975.
  • Dodgeon, Michael H. & Samuel N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226–363, Routledge, London, 1991. ISBN 0-203-42534-0
  • Drinkwater, John F., The Alamanni and Rome 213–496 (Caracalla to Clovis), OUP Oxford 2007. ISBN 0199295689
  • Hunt, David. "Julian". In The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 13 (Averil Cameron & Peter Garnsey editors). CUP, Cambridge, 1998. ISBN 0-521-30200-5
  • Lascaratos, John and Dionysios Voros. 2000 Fatal Wounding of the Byzantine Emperor Julian the Apostate (361–363 A.D.): Approach to the Contribution of Ancient Surgery. World Journal of Surgery 24: 615–619
  • Lenski, Noel Emmanuel Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century AD UC Press: London, 2003
  • Lieu, Samuel N.C. & Dominic Montserrat: editors, From Constantine to Julian: A Source History Routledge: New York, 1996. ISBN 0-203-42205-8
  • Murdoch, Adrian. The Last Pagan: Julian the Apostate and the Death of the Ancient World, Stroud, 2005, ISBN 0-7509-4048-4
  • Potter, David S. The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180–395, Routledge, New York, 2004. ISBN 0-415-10058-5
  • Ridley, R.T., "Notes on Julian's Persian Expedition (363)", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 22, No.ngày 1 tháng 2 năm 1973, pp. 317–330
  • Rohrbacher, David. Historians of Late Antiquity. Routledge: New York, 2002. ISBN 0-415-20459-3
  • Rosen, Klaus. Julian. Kaiser, Gott und Christenhasser. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, 2006.
  • Smith, Rowland. Julian's gods: religion and philosophy in the thought and action of Julian the Apostate, London, 1995. ISBN 0-415-03487-6
  • Tougher, Shaun. Julian the Apostate. Edinburgh University Press, 2007. ISBN 0748618872.
  • Veyne, Paul. L'Empire Gréco-Romain. Seuil, Paris,2005. ISBN 2-02-057798-4

Tài liệu tham khảo

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